Doctrine of Exchange — The Doctrine of Exchange is a central tenet[1] of Scientology, which dictates that for spiritual well being, anytime a person receives something, he must pay something back [2] and balance inflow with outflow .[1] The Church of Scientology has… … Wikipedia
Vulture fund — As the name suggests, these funds are metaphorically vultures patiently circling, waiting to pick over the remains of a rapidly weakening company or, in the case of sovereign debt, debtor. Market practitioners prefer to refer to them as… … Wikipedia
Medical claims in Scientology doctrine — In Church of Scientology doctrine, there have been a number of controversial medical claims made, usually centered around their auditing process. These claims began with the 1950 publication of founder L. Ron Hubbard s book Dianetics: The Modern… … Wikipedia
Office of Special Affairs — Formation 1966 Type Department of Scientologists Legal status Non profit Purpose/focus Legal affairs and public relations Headquarters … Wikipedia
religion — religionless, adj. /ri lij euhn/, n. 1. a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, esp. when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and… … Universalium
India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… … Universalium
trust — A legal entity created by a grantor for the benefit of designated beneficiaries under the laws of the state and the valid trust instrument. The trustee holds a fiduciary responsibility to manage the trust s corpus assets and income for the… … Black's law dictionary
Marshall Plan — Labeling used on aid packages The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the large scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of… … Wikipedia
Switzerland — • A confederation in the central part of Western Europe, made up of twenty two cantons, three of which are divided into half cantons Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Switzerland Switzerland … Catholic encyclopedia
ancient Rome — ▪ ancient state, Europe, Africa, and Asia Introduction the state centred on the city of Rome. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 BC, through the events leading to the… … Universalium
