implied ratification

An inference from a course of conduct, lapse of time, or acquiescence, indicating an intention to approve, confirm, and adopt something which in the first instance he might have successfully avoided. Peter v Irwin, 69 W Va 200, 71 SE 115. Recognizing the validity of a transaction, or remaining silent when called upon to speak, whereby others have been injured. Anno: 48 ALR 425, 54 ALR 1246. Of contract:-accepting the benefits growing out of it or remaining silent or acquiescing in a contract for any considerable length of time after opportunity is afforded to avoid it or have it annulled, or recognizing the validity of the contract by acting upon it. 25 Am J2d Dur § 28. An election, definitely manifested, by one, after reaching majority, to let a contract made by him while an infant stand in force. Hermenu v Zazzarino, 108 NJ Eq 451, 155 A 459. Of act or transaction by agent:-any act, words, or course of conduct on the part of the principal which reasonably tends to show an intention on his part to ratify the unauthorized acts or transactions of the alleged agent. 3 Am J2d Agency § 162. The ratification of an agent's acts by accepting the benefits thereof or failing to repudiate the acts after notice that the agent has exceeded his authority. Howell v Grocers Inc. (CA6 Mich) 2 F2d 499. An alteration of an instrument is ratified where the obligor under the instrument, with knowledge of the alteration, agrees to pay the amount of the instrument as altered, renews the instrument, or accepts and retains benefits under the instrument with knowledge that it has been altered. 4 Am J2d Alt Inst § 67.